Why Is the National Animal of Scotland a Unicorn?

Scotland’s choice of the unicorn as its national animal is one of the most captivating aspects of its heraldry and cultural heritage. This majestic and mythical creature has been intertwined with Scottish history and symbolism for centuries. But why is the national animal of Scotland a unicorn? Let’s explore the reasons behind Scotland's choice of the unicorn as its national emblem, exploring its historical significance, symbolic meanings, and enduring legacy.

The unicorn is Scotland’s national animal because it symbolizes purity, strength, and freedom, reflecting Scotland's values and spirit. Rooted in Celtic mythology, the unicorn embodies resilience and independence. It first appeared in Scottish heraldry in the 12th century, highlighting its historical significance and Scotland’s unconquered nature.

Unicorns have been linked to Scotland for centuries, symbolizing a fascinating mix of mythology and national identity. In Celtic mythology, the unicorn was a potent symbol of purity, innocence, masculinity, and strength. These attributes resonated with Scotland’s ideals of resilience and pride. The unicorn, often depicted as a fierce and untamable beast, mirrored the Scottish spirit of remaining unconquered.

Unicorns were also believed to have magical healing properties, especially in purifying poisoned water. This connection with healing aligns with Scottish beliefs in natural remedies and the power of the land, further enhancing the unicorn’s symbolic status in Scottish culture.

In Celtic mythology, unicorns were seen as intermediaries between the human world and the Otherworld, a realm of spirits and magic. This connection reflects Scotland’s belief in the spiritual significance of nature and the unseen world, reinforcing the unicorn's mystical role in the country’s folklore.

The connection between the unicorn and Scotland strengthened in the 12th century, and it appeared in Scottish heraldry during  King William I ’s reign. By the 15th century, during the reign of King James III, unicorns were featured on gold coins, underscoring their importance in Scottish symbolism. The significance of the unicorn continued when Scotland and England unified under James VI  in 1603; the unicorn national animal Scotland gained even more prominence, symbolizing the nation's royal heritage. Following the union, James VI replaced one unicorn with the English lion to represent the unity of the two countries.

Unicorns, though mythical, have appeared in various cultures and mythologies throughout history. Ancient Mesopotamian art from around 6,000 years ago and Greek accounts from over 2,300 years ago describe one-horned creatures. The Greek traveler Cosmas Indicopleustes, in 545 AD, provided one of the earliest depictions of a unicorn, showing a four-legged, horse-like creature with a single horn. This imagery reflects fierceness, pride, and elusiveness, which align with the Scottish ideals of strength and nobility.

Unicorns have also galloped their way into Scottish literature, where they are portrayed as mystical creatures with magical qualities. Notable authors such as J.K. Rowling and Lindsay Littleson have woven unicorns into their stories. In the Harry Potter series, unicorns represent purity and magic. At the same time, Littleson’s Guardians of the Wild Unicorns blends historical and fantastical elements, capturing the mythical creature’s allure. These literary works contribute to the unicorn's enduring presence in Scottish culture, linking ancient symbolism with modern storytelling.

The Union of the Crowns in 1603 brought together the Scottish and English symbols. James VI of Scotland, who became James I of England, integrated the English lion into the Scottish Royal Coat of Arms alongside the unicorn. This merger symbolized the union of Scotland and England, with the lion and unicorn, traditionally seen as rivals, now representing the unity of the two kingdoms.

Though real unicorns remain mythical, their influence is deeply woven into Scotland's culture. Unicorn symbols can be spotted throughout the country, particularly in historic landmarks like the Palace of Holyroodhouse, Edinburgh Castle, and Stirling Castle. Scotland even celebrates National Unicorn Day on April 9th, honoring this national emblem.

• Stirling Castle: Unicorns grace the Great Hall, and you can also find the breathtaking Mystic Hunt of the Unicorn tapestry.

• Mercat Crosses: Unicorns crown Mercat Crosses in towns like Dunfermline, Melrose, and Falkland, as well as Edinburgh’s Royal Mile and Inverness’s Falcon Square.

• Delgatie Castle: This ancient Aberdeenshire castle is another site where unicorn symbols can be found.

• Thistle Chapel at St Giles' Cathedral: The Queen’s chair here features a stunning unicorn design.

Scotland celebrates National Unicorn Day on April 9th each year, honoring this mythical creature and its significance in Scottish culture.